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Web 2.0

Don't fight the Internet

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Web 2.0 refers to a perceived second generation of web-based communities and hosted services such as social-networking sites which aim to facilitate collaboration and sharing between users. Although the term suggests a new version of the World Wide Web, it does not refer to an update to Web technical specifications, but to changes in the ways software developers and end-users use the web as a platform.

Defining Web "2.0"

It is suggest that technologies such as weblogs, podcasts, RSS feeds and other forms of many-to-many publishing imply a significant change in web usage and is a social phenomenon embracing an open approach to distributing Web content that is decentralization of authority, thereby allowing the freedom to share and re-use, and "market as a conversation"

Regarding Web 2.0 as business embracing the web as a platform, the slogan, "Don't fight the Internet", encompasses the essence of Web 2.0. Web 2.0's key principle recomments building applications and services around the unique features of the Internet, as opposed to building applications and expecting the Internet to suit as a platform.

The key principles of Web 2.0 applications:

  • The web as a platform
  • Data as the driving force
  • Network effects created by an architecture of participation
  • Innovation in assembly of systems and sites
  • Lightweight business models enabled by content and service syndication
  • The end of the " perpetual beta" software cycle

 

Characteristics of "Web 2.0"

Web 2.0 website exhibit some basic common characteristics:

  • "Network as platform" delivering applications entirely through a browser.
  • Users owning the data on a site and exercising control over that data.
  • An architecture of participation that encourages users to add value to the application as they use it
  • A rich, interactive, user-friendly interface based on Ajax or similar frameworks.
  • Some social-networking aspects.

 

Technology overview

The evolving technology infrastructure of Web 2.0 includes server-software, content-syndication, messaging-protocols, standards-based browsers with plugins and extensions, and various client-applications.

Web 2.0 websites typically include:

  • Use of Open source software
  • Weblog publishing
  • Cascading Style Sheets to separate presentation from content
  • Syndication and aggregation of data in RSS or Atom feeds
  • Human readable URLs
  • Wiki or forum software to support user generated content
  • Semantically valid HTML markup and microformats
  • Mashups - merging content from different sources
  • REST or XML Webservice APIs
  • Rich Internet application techniques, optionally Ajax-based

 

Innovations associated with "Web 2.0"

Server-side software

Functionally, Web 2.0 applications build on the existing Web server architecture, but rely much more heavily on back-end software. Syndication differs only nominally from the methods of publishing using dynamic content management, but web services typically require much more robust database and workflow support.

Client-side software

The extra functionality provided by Web 2.0 depends on the ability of users to work with the data stored on servers. This can come about through forms in an HTML page, through a scripting language such as Javascript, or through Flash, Silverlight or Java. These methods all make use of the client computer to reduce server workloads and to increase the responsiveness of the application.

XML and RSS

Advocates of Web 2.0 may regard syndication of site content as a Web 2.0 feature. Protocols which permit syndication include:

  • RSS (Really Simple Syndication — also known as "web syndication")
  • RDF and Atom - XML-based formats refer to as "Web feed" as the usability of Web 2.0 evolves and the more user-friendly Feeds icon supplants the RSS icon.

 

Criticism

Given the lack of set standards as to what "Web 2.0" actually means, implies, or requires, the term can mean radically different things to different people.

Many of the ideas of Web 2.0 had already featured in implementations on networked systems well before the term "Web 2.0" emerged. Amazon.com, for instance, has allowed users to write reviews and consumer guides since its launch in 1995, in a form of self-publishing. Amazon also opened its API to outside developers in 2002. Previous developments also came from research in computer-supported collaborative learning and computer-supported cooperative work and from established products like Lotus Notes and Lotus Domino.

The argument also exists that "Web 2.0" does not represent a new version of World Wide Web at all, but merely continues to use "Web 1.0" technologies and concepts.

Conclusion

Having said that, Web 2.0 is just getting started. There is a focus on making the Internet a platform for end users. Paying bills online is no longer a novelty. MySpace is an interactive pen-pal phenomenon far beyond anything we'd have predicted only two years ago. Even Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) phoning is saving phone customers money.

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